Oops(object oriented programming)

Introduction

Object-oriented-programing(oops) is

it inc the readability, extansability, managability of the code.

Class

it is user defined data type just like int char or other datatypes. it contains the properties of a class or we can say data members. we can access datamembers by using “.” operator. class can be created as follows:

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class Hero
{
    //properties
    public:
    int health;
    char level; 
}

object

it is an instance of class just like variable

if we create an object with empty class then it takes i byte of memory class test{ };

Inheritance

Inheritance is a process through which derived class acquires all the properties and behaviours of its parent class automatically.

• create new class from existing class.
• new class inherits the features of base or parent class and have additional features of its own.

Syntax: class child_class: access_modifier parent_class{ // body of the child class };

access modifier

• public
• private
• protected

Types of Inheritance

There are mainly 5 type of inheritance:

1. single inheritance
2. multiple inheritance
3. multilevel inheritance
4. hierarchical inheritance
5. hybrid inheritance

Single Inheritance

When one class inherits another class

Multiple inheritance

Multiple inheritance is the process of deriving a new class that inherits the attributes from two or more classes

Encapsulation

Wrapping of data members and methods into a single unit is called Encapsulation.

Abstraction

Polymorphism

Compiletime Polymorphism

Runtime polymorphism

Constructor

Default

Parameterized

Copy

Destructor

Access Specifiers IMP :

The access specifiers are used to define how functions and variables can be accessed outside the class. There are three types of access specifiers:

1. Private:

Functions and variables declared as private can be accessed only within the same class, and they cannot be accessed outside the class they are declared.

2. Public:

Functions and variables declared under public can be accessed from anywhere.

3. Protected:

Functions and variables declared as protected cannot be accessed outside the class except a child class. This specifier is generally used in inheritance.

Delete

It is used to release a unit of memory.

Delete[]

It is used to release an array.

Virtual Inheritance

It facilitates you to create only one copy of each object even if the object appears more than one in the hierarchy.

Overloading

Overloading is a static binding whereas overriding is dynamic binding, overloading is nothing but the same method with different arguments, and it may or may not return the same value in the same class itself.

Function overloading

Function Overloading is defined as we can have more than one version of the same function. The versions of a function will have different signatures meaning that they have different set of parameters.

Operator overloading

Operator overloading is defined as the standard operator can be redefined so that it has a different meaning when applied to the instances of a class.

Overriding

Overriding is the same method name with the same arguments and return types associated with the class and its child class.